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anihilis 2026-01-20 09:21:22 -08:00
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qfetchC-notes.md
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@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ C standard libraries hide some functions unless you *opt in*.
Without it: Without it:
* Some systems won’t expose those functions - Some systems won’t expose those functions
* You’ll get mysterious warnings or missing symbols - You’ll get mysterious warnings or missing symbols
--- ---
@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ Without it:
In C: In C:
* Headers are **contracts** - Headers are **contracts**
* If it’s not included, the compiler assumes *nothing* - If it’s not included, the compiler assumes *nothing*
**Rule of thumb:** **Rule of thumb:**
@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ Example:
### What this teaches you ### What this teaches you
* C has **no runtime reflection** - C has **no runtime reflection**
* Portability happens at **compile time** - Portability happens at **compile time**
* The preprocessor literally removes code before compilation - The preprocessor literally removes code before compilation
Think of it as: Think of it as:
@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ static char *dup_or_unknown(const char *s)
This function enforces a **contract**: This function enforces a **contract**:
* Every getter: - Every getter:
* returns a valid `char *` - returns a valid `char *`
* never returns `NULL` - never returns `NULL`
* always returns heap memory - always returns heap memory
### Why that matters ### Why that matters
@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ Rules being followed:
Contrast this with C++: Contrast this with C++:
* No destructors - No destructors
* No smart pointers - No smart pointers
* No safety net - No safety net
--- ---
@ -140,15 +140,15 @@ static char buf[256];
But that would: But that would:
* Break thread safety - Break thread safety
* Break reentrancy - Break reentrancy
* Make functions non-composable - Make functions non-composable
Dynamic allocation makes your functions: Dynamic allocation makes your functions:
* Reusable - Reusable
* Testable - Testable
* Library-quality - Library-quality
--- ---
@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ Each platform teaches a lesson:
/proc/uptime /proc/uptime
``` ```
* Text parsing - Text parsing
* Line-by-line scanning - Line-by-line scanning
* Defensive string handling - Defensive string handling
### macOS / BSD ### macOS / BSD
@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ Each platform teaches a lesson:
sysctl() sysctl()
``` ```
* Structured kernel APIs - Structured kernel APIs
* Buffer-size negotiation - Buffer-size negotiation
* Integer & struct-based data - Integer & struct-based data
--- ---
@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ difftime(now, boottime.tv_sec);
Why this matters: Why this matters:
* `time_t` may not be an integer - `time_t` may not be an integer
* You *never* subtract times directly - You *never* subtract times directly
* `difftime()` handles portability - `difftime()` handles portability
--- ---
@ -204,10 +204,10 @@ free(user);
Notice: Notice:
* No logic - No logic
* No parsing - No parsing
* No platform checks - No platform checks
* No error handling clutter - No error handling clutter
All complexity lives *outside* `main()`. All complexity lives *outside* `main()`.